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10th Class Social Science Chapter – 2: Federalism – PDF Free Download
At Ramsetu, we aim to provide educational resources that make learning engaging and comprehensive. Chapter 2 of the 10th Class Social Science (Political Science) textbook, “Federalism,” covers the concept, significance, and functioning of federalism in a democracy. This chapter helps students understand the division of powers between different levels of government and how it contributes to the effective governance of a diverse country.
Federalism: A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units.
Unitary System: A system of government where all powers are vested in a central authority.
Decentralization: The distribution of administrative powers or functions from a central authority to local units.
Chapter Content:
Summary of “Federalism”:
Introduction to federalism and its importance in a democracy.
Features of federalism.
Types of federations.
Case studies of federalism in different countries.
Advantages and challenges of federalism.
Key Concepts:
Features of Federalism:
Two or More Levels of Government: Central and state governments share powers.
Division of Powers: Specific powers are assigned to each level of government.
Written Constitution: Clearly outlines the distribution of powers.
Independent Judiciary: Resolves disputes between different levels of government.
Bicameral Legislature: Often found in federations to represent different interests.
Types of Federations:
Coming Together Federations: Independent states come together to form a larger unit (e.g., the United States, Switzerland).
Holding Together Federations: A large country decides to divide its power between constituent states and the national government (e.g., India, Belgium).
Decentralization:
Definition: Distribution of powers from the central government to local or regional administrations.
Significance: Enhances efficiency, responsiveness, and accountability.
Principles and Properties:
Distribution of Powers: Ensures balance and prevents the concentration of power.
Inter-governmental Relations: Mechanisms for cooperation and coordination among different levels of government.
Fiscal Federalism: Financial relationships between different levels of government, including revenue sharing and grants.
Applications:
Real-life examples of successful federal structures.
The role of federalism in managing diversity and fostering unity.
Impact of federalism on political stability and economic development.
Strategies for effective implementation of federal principles.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
What is federalism?
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units.
How does federalism differ from a unitary system?
In a federal system, powers are divided between different levels of government, whereas, in a unitary system, all powers are vested in a central authority.
What are the advantages of federalism?
Federalism promotes efficient governance, accommodates diversity, enhances democratic participation, and prevents the concentration of power.
