At Ramsetu, we aim to provide educational resources that make learning engaging and comprehensive. Chapter 2 of the 10th Class Social Science (Political Science) textbook, “Federalism,” covers the concept, significance, and functioning of federalism in a democracy. This chapter helps students understand the division of powers between different levels of government and how it contributes to the effective governance of a diverse country.
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Handwritten Notes:
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Chapter Insights:
- Summary of “Federalism”
- Explanation of key concepts and principles
- Detailed examples and exercises
- Real-life applications of federalism
Key Concepts and Definitions:
- Federalism: A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units.
- Unitary System: A system of government where all powers are vested in a central authority.
- Decentralization: The distribution of administrative powers or functions from a central authority to local units.
Chapter Content:
- Summary of “Federalism”:
- Introduction to federalism and its importance in a democracy.
- Features of federalism.
- Types of federations.
- Case studies of federalism in different countries.
- Advantages and challenges of federalism.
- Key Concepts:
- Features of Federalism:
- Two or More Levels of Government: Central and state governments share powers.
- Division of Powers: Specific powers are assigned to each level of government.
- Written Constitution: Clearly outlines the distribution of powers.
- Independent Judiciary: Resolves disputes between different levels of government.
- Bicameral Legislature: Often found in federations to represent different interests.
- Types of Federations:
- Coming Together Federations: Independent states come together to form a larger unit (e.g., the United States, Switzerland).
- Holding Together Federations: A large country decides to divide its power between constituent states and the national government (e.g., India, Belgium).
- Decentralization:
- Definition: Distribution of powers from the central government to local or regional administrations.
- Significance: Enhances efficiency, responsiveness, and accountability.
- Features of Federalism:
- Principles and Properties:
- Distribution of Powers: Ensures balance and prevents the concentration of power.
- Inter-governmental Relations: Mechanisms for cooperation and coordination among different levels of government.
- Fiscal Federalism: Financial relationships between different levels of government, including revenue sharing and grants.
- Applications:
- Real-life examples of successful federal structures.
- The role of federalism in managing diversity and fostering unity.
- Impact of federalism on political stability and economic development.
- Strategies for effective implementation of federal principles.